Governing Artificial Intelligence in Bangladesh’s Legal Sector: Constitutional Constraints, Regulatory Pathways, and a Framework for Responsible Innovation

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Artificial intelligence is increasingly reshaping legal practice and judicial administration. This study critically analysis the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Bangladesh’s legal sector, focusing on the constitutional provisions, institutional advantages, and international governance tendencies. The adoption of AI also raises fundamental questions about constitutional safeguards, professional responsibility, algorithmic bias, transparency, data privacy, accountability and institutional capacity. This paper examines how artificial intelligence can be governed responsibly within Bangladesh’s legal sector with particular emphasis on constitutional constraints, regulatory pathways and responsible innovation. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines analysis of constitutional and legal principles with empirical evidence from surveys of 50 lawyers, 30 judges and 20 law students supplemented by interviews with representatives of each group. The findings reveal an optimistic attitude toward artificial intelligence: stakeholders recognize artificial intelligence’s potential to reduce inefficiency and improve legal services but they strongly emphasize human oversight and accountability. The judges stress in particular that artificial intelligence should be advisory and not replace judicial discretion, while lawyers highlight issues of accuracy, trust, bias, confidentiality and professional responsibility. Law students demonstrate technological optimism but identify significant gaps in formal artificial intelligence education and institutional guidance. The study argues that artificial intelligence governance, in Bangladesh should be grounded in principles of equality, due process, fair trial and judicial independence.Rather than transplanting foreign regulatory models Bangladesh should adopt a gradual risk-based and context-specific framework that integrates human oversight, transparency, professional ethics, data protection, institutional accountability and artificial intelligence literacy. The paper concludes that responsible artificial intelligence governance can promote innovation without compromising constitutional values, judicial integrity or public trust.