EcoRestore-KG: A Multi-Agent Framework for Knowledge Graph Construction in Territorial Ecological Restoration

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Territorial ecological restoration involves a continuous chain of tasks, including degradation diagnosis, target identification, zoning-based governance, process monitoring, effectiveness assessment and adaptive management. The relevant knowledge is widely distributed across policy plans, monitoring reports, restoration cases and the academic literature, and is characterized by multi-source heterogeneity, cross-scale associations and dynamic change. Existing knowledge organization approaches mainly rely on textual synthesis, indicator systems or general-purpose knowledge graph construction tools, and therefore struggle to simultaneously handle cross-context implicit relations, domain-rule constraints, inconsistent entity expressions and evidence traceability in ecological restoration knowledge. To address these limitations, this paper proposes EcoRestore-KG, a multi-agent knowledge graph construction framework for territorial ecological restoration. The framework unifies heterogeneous inputs through controlled evidence representation and adaptive context segmentation, and organizes ontology-guided triple mining, cross-context relation inference, graph quality control, entity canonicalization, relation endpoint remapping and evidence binding into a progressive workflow for the automatic extraction, auditing and assembly of ecological restoration knowledge. Experimental results show that EcoRestore-KG outperforms general-purpose large language models and existing knowledge graph construction baselines in relation extraction, entity coverage and semantic-quality evaluation. It achieves relation precision, recall and F1 scores of 71.4% ± 0.3%, 69.5% ± 4.4% and 70.3% ± 2.3%, respectively, improving relation F1 by 9.9 percentage points over the strongest baseline. Its entity F1 reaches 79.8% ± 0.7%, and its LLM-S score reaches 8.48 ± 0.11. Single-module and combined ablation experiments further demonstrate that evidence representation, context segmentation, cross-context relation inference, relation quality auditing and entity canonicalization jointly support the performance gains of the framework. This study provides a verifiable methodological pathway for structured organization, quality auditing, evidence tracing and subsequent integration of newly available knowledge.