International Organizations, Regions, and AI Governance Systems: An Interoperable Layered Governance Model

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This article advances a policy and management proposal for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to ensure humans remain meaningfully in control of consequential AI-assisted decisions and actions. It reviews steps taken by international, regional, and national bodies to manage AI services and addresses the fragmented landscape of modern AI regulation. By evaluating existing frameworks, the article proposes an interoperable, risk-based "Layered Governance Model" in which responsibilities are allocated logically across the AI value chain. The proposal focuses primary attention on the upstream governance of providers of general-purpose and frontier AI models, establishing common controls at that layer to create a scalable safety baseline for downstream applications. Simultaneously, it delineates downstream safeguards covering permissions, context of use, human oversight, continuous monitoring, and incident response. While no single framework can eliminate illegal actions by bad actors, developing an internationally recognized management standard and regulatory architecture guards against risks that threaten the reputation, stability, and security of twenty-first-century AI technology.