Soroban Brain Check (SBC): A Deterministic Glass-Box Governance Architecture for Autonomous AI Systems via Discrete Arithmetic Invariants, Stellar Soroban Wasm Formal Verification, and Real-Time Physical-Layer Bounding

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[Executive Abstract / 英文要旨] This paper introduces the Soroban Brain Check (SBC) architecture, a novel "Glass-Box" governance framework designed for the safety and deterministic control of autonomous AI systems. Inspired by the intuitive, discrete numerical processing of abacus mental arithmetic (Soroban), SBC replaces "Black-Box" uncertainty with verifiable arithmetic invariants. By leveraging the Stellar Soroban smart contract environment and WebAssembly (Wasm) formal verification toolchains (Certora Sunbeam, Z3 SMT Solver), SBC establishes a verifiable circuit breaker that monitors and bounds AI behavior at the physical layer in real-time. The architecture utilizes a "Subtractive Architecture" philosophy, ensuring that safety is not an added layer of software complexity but a fundamental reduction of the system's operational state space to a provably safe subset. [Japanese Abstract / 和文要旨] 本論文では、自律型AIシステムの安全性と決定論的制御を目的とした、革新的な「グラスボックス」ガバナンス・フレームワークであるSoroban Brain Check (SBC) アーキテクチャを提案する。珠算式暗算(そろばん脳)が持つ直感的かつ離散的な数値処理能力から着想を得たSBCは、従来の確率的・ブラックボックスな不確実性を、検証可能な算術不変量へと置き換える。Stellar Sorobanスマートコントラクト環境とWebAssembly(Wasm)形式検証ツールチェーンを活用することで、SBCは物理層におけるAIの挙動をリアルタイムで監視・制限する「検証可能なサーキットブレーカー」を構築する。「引き算のアーキテクチャ」の哲学に基づき、安全性を付加的な監視レイヤーとしてではなく、システムの状態空間を証明可能な安全サブセットへと根本的に縮小することで実現する。 [Key Roadmap & Future Work: LAWS & UAV Integration] The immediate roadmap operationalizes SBC for Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) and tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): 1. Mathematical Invariant Formulation of LOAC & ROE: Translating international humanitarian law (distinction, proportionality, military necessity) into discrete arithmetic invariants, rendering unlawful engagements mathematically unexecutable. 2. Hardware-Interlocked Determinism Firewall (DFW): Deploying sub-100ns analog physical disconnect relays that deterministically trip systems into verified safe states (EMCON Alpha) under electronic warfare, GPS spoofing, or deceptive alignment divergence (Δ ≥ 5.0). 3. Edge-Native Wasm Verification Engine: Implementing sub-millisecond on-device formal verification for air-gapped, zero-network swarm defense autonomy.