P$^3$-SAM: SAM with Perceptual Parallel Prompt for Few-Shot Strip Steel Surface Defect Segmentation

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Few-shot semantic segmentation (FSS) of strip steel surface defects (S$^3$D) has posed significant challenges distinct from natural scenes. Unlike natural images, S$^3$D task exhibits unique characteristics including low local contrast, uneven illumination, and complex fine-grained texture patterns. Although recent methods based on Segment Anything Model (SAM) have shown promise in FSS on natural images by leveraging SAM's powerful pre-trained representations, these unique industrial characteristics of S$^3$D images lead to performance drop when directly applying SAM to industrial defect scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel Perceptual Parallel Prompt (P$^3$) framework that empowers SAM, creating the P$^3$-SAM model to address these challenges through two core strategies. First, we develop a Perceptual-Optimized Encoding (POE) strategy that enhances local contrast and preserves critical texture details for S$^3$D segmentation. Second, we introduce the Parallel Prompt Generator (PPG) strategy that simultaneously generates both semantic and spatial prompts, enabling comprehensive guidance for SAM's decoder across varying images. Extensive experiments on three few-shot S$^3$D benchmarks demonstrate that P$^3$-SAM achieves state-of-the-art performance, with particularly notable improvements of 12.00% in mIoU on Surface Defects-4i dataset.