CzechTopic: A Benchmark for Zero-Shot Topic Localization in Historical Czech Documents

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CzechTopic is a benchmark dataset of historical Czech documents designed for topic localization and document classification in a zero-shot setting. Each document contains 768–1024 characters and is written in Czech. The dataset consists of two parts: a development set and a test set. The development set contains 15,245 documents and 19,107 topics. Each topic is annotated in 10 documents. The annotations for the development set were generated using the GPT-5-2 model. The test set contains 525 documents and 364 human-created topics, with each topic annotated in five documents. All annotations are provided as character spans, indicating the exact locations in the text where a topic appears. We evaluate models at two levels: text level and word level. At the text level, the task is to determine whether a given topic is present in a document. At the word level, the task is to identify which words correspond to a given topic.